FAQ

Energain^® SA076 is a partially fuorinated linear ester composed only of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and fluorine. Energain^®  SA076 exhibits excellent oxidative stability and thermal properties. Used as a solvent inelectrolye for liyhium batteries, Energaing^® SA076 is characterized by a low freezing point (<-50ºC) and a higher dielectric constant (9.4) compared to linear carbonates.

Energain^® SA076 can be used as an electrolyte ingredient for lithium batteries. Its shwos particularly good performance in batteries operating at high voltage (such as LCO, High-voltafe Mid-Ni NCM, Mn rich, and LNMO) as well as batteries with high-nickel cathode or Silicon anodes.

• Good oxidation stability
• good thermal properties
• supporting SEI/CEI formation

Fluorinated solvents currently being considered for use as ingredients for electrolytes in lithium batteries are generally fluorine-substituted linear carbonates with relatively high molecular weights. As a result, they tend to have high density and viscosity. 

However, unlike typical fluotinated solvents, Energain^® SA076 is an ester and is characterized by its relatively low density and low viscosity. 

Energain^® SA076 has a melting point below -50ºC, which helos improve the low-temperature performance of electrolyte formulations. With a boiling point of 107ºC, it provides a stable teperature range for use asn an electrolyte solvent. In addition, its flash point is higher than that of linear carbonates, which can contribute to improved electrolyte safety. 

The standard packaging for Energain^® SA076 products is a PE-coated metal drum (200 Liters).

While in process at the manufacturer's facility, the material shall be handled and stored in such a way so as to avoid mechanical, chemical, or thermal contamination, or any other form of product degradation. 

Energain^® SA076 must be stored in a clean area, <40ºC condition, protected from direct sunlight, and possible contamination. 

Energain^® SA076 is delivered in accordance with the following material specifications: 

The above characterization will be indicated on the Certificate of Analysis (CoA). 

Energain^® SA076's official warranty period is 2 years from the date of manufacture. 

If Energain^® SA076 is used for laboratory purposes, it should be stored in the same way as other common electrolyte materials. It should be kept in a sealed container, in a dry, cool., and well-ventilated place. it should be placed in a selaed container and stored inside a glove box or dry room. 

Energain^® sa076 is flammable and can catch fire when exposed to a flame. However, when Energain^® SA076 is mixed with a salt such as LiPF₆ in the electrolye, the flammability changes depending on the ammount of Energain^® SA076. In general, electrolyte formulations with a high amount of Energain^® SA076 do not catch fire. 

[Chemical hazard: SA076 vs. EMC]

PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl subsances) are a large group of man-made chemicals that contain fluorine atoms bonded to carbon chains. In more detail, PFAS is defined as any substance that contains at least one fully fluorinated methyl (-CF₃) or methylene (-CF₂-) carbon atom (without any H/CI/Br/I attached to it).

Energain^® SA076 has a structure with a CF₂H group at the end, but it is not considered a PFAS substance.

Compared to otger electrolyte solvents used in lithium-ion batteries (LIB), Energain^® SA076 has a lower HOMO energy value. This means that Energain^® SA076 may have better oxidation stability than other solvents. In addtion, when we compared an Energain^® SA076 formulaytion with an EMC formulation using LSV, we found that the Energain^® SA076 formulation started to oxidize at a higher voltage. Therefore, Energain^® sa076 can help improve high-voltage stability when used in electrolytes. 

[HOMO energy level]

[LSV]

When comparing an Energain^® SA076-based electrolyte with a typical carbonate-based electrolyte in NCM622/Graphite (4.35V) cells, we observed CF₂ on the anode surface with the Energain^® SA076 formulation. In addition, the amounts of O, F and P eements were lower than with the typical formulation. The small amount of byproducts (O, F, and P) observed on te graphite surface indicates that the Energain^® SA076-based electrolyte effectively suppresses electrolye decomposition. 

On the cathode side, we found that using the Energain^® SA076-based electrolyte resulted in a higher amount of LiF and fewer cracks on the cathode surface. 

Based on these results, it is believed that the Energain^® SA076-based formulation helps form protective layers on both the anode and cathode surfaces. This is crucial for improving overall battery performance. 

Energain^® SA076 can be used in a wide range of electrolyte formulations, including EC-based, PC-based, and propionate-based systems, without any special restrictions. This means that depending on the cell chemistry, some of the existing solvents in the electrolyte can be replaced with Energain^® SA076. 

In general, Energain^® SA076 shows better performance when used at higher concentrations. However, it is important to adjust the electrolyte formulation depending on the cell chemistry and cell type. 

[Usage guidelines]

There are no specific restrictions on the use of lithium salts, so the lithium salt currently in use can be applied as they are.

If the system is not a high-voltage system, replacing part of the main salt with LiFSI can provide even better performance. 

The linear carbonates currently in use can be replaced with Energain^® SA076 (Substitution ratios: 10~100%).

In general, higher Energain^® SA076 content leads to greater improvements in battery performance. However, if cell resistance increases, the amount of Energain^® SA076 can be adjusted accordingly. When mixing Energain^® SA076 with existing linear carbonates, it is recommended to conduct tests to determine the optimal concentration. 

There are no specific restrictions on using Energain^® SA076 together with Pc. In fact, Energain^® SA076 can suppress or eliminate graphite exfoliation caused by PC, and this effect becomes stronger as the Energain^® SA076 content increases. 

There are also no restrictions on using Energain^® SA076 with EC. 

In EC-free or EC-less formulations, using Energain^® SA076 can help overcome the disadvantages that may arise from the lack or reduction of EC, allowing you to benefit from the advantages of an EC-free (or EC-less) system.

There are no specific restrictions regarding the usage of existing additives. However, for salt-type additives, some may have lower solubility in formulations with high amounts of Energain^® SA076. in such cases, it is recommended to test for the optimal concentration. 

Energain^® SA076 contributes to the stabilization of both the cathode and anode interfaces. Therefore, similar performance can be archieved even if some of the additives used as supplementary additives are reduced or removed. However, it is not recommended to use Energain^® SA076 as a complete replacement for all anode dditives. Instead, Energain^® SA076 should be used together with main anode additives to help stabilize the interface. 

When FEC and Energain^® SA076 are used together, Energain^® SA076 can help mitigate the generation of HF, which is a known drawback of FEC: This allows you to maximize the benefits of both materials. 

Additionally, Energain^® SA076 can help suppress metal ion dissolution to some extent. Therefore, using Energain^® SA076 together with cathode additives can further enance their effectivness.